The European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) has officially come into effect, targeting so-called “gatekeeper” platforms like Google, Apple, and Meta. The law restricts practices such as self-preferencing in search results, bundling services to limit competition, and blocking third-party interoperability. By curbing monopolistic behaviours, the DMA aims to open digital markets to smaller players and foster fairer competition.

Tech giants are now facing pressure to adjust their business models, particularly in Europe. Compliance will involve technical overhauls, such as allowing alternative app stores on iOS devices and ensuring messaging interoperability across platforms.

The DMA is seen as one of the most ambitious antitrust efforts in decades and could serve as a template for other regions. The outcome will determine whether regulators can effectively rebalance power in digital markets dominated by a handful of global companies.